With extensive training, they possess expertise in identifying and managing a wide range of congenital and acquired diseases. This encompasses gastrointestinal tract disorders, the hepatobiliary system (involving the liver and gallbladder), the urinary system, and the respiratory tract. Internists also manage infections, autoimmune disorders, and hormonal imbalances.

Given the often complex nature of internal medicine cases, especially in older animals with multiple chronic conditions, internists develop intricate treatment and monitoring plans to ensure optimal care. They comprehensively understand each condition, their interplay, and how to effectively balance therapies to maintain the patient’s quality of life.